Bava Kamma 14

Chapter 14

א אפילו פורתא נמי לא ליספו ליה
1 why give him anything at all?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since, in reality, his property is worth 200 zuz. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ואמר מר עלה לא צריכא דביומי ניסן יקרא ארעתא וביומי תשרי זל ארעתא
2 And the Master thereupon said: No; the above law is applicable to cases where in the month of Nisan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It being the beginning of Spring and the best season for transactions in property, both for agricultural and building purposes. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג דכ"ע נטרי עד ניסן ומזבני והאי הואיל ואצטריכא ליה זוזי זבין כדהשתא עד פלגא אורחיה למיזל טפי לאו אורחיה למיזל
3 property has a higher value, whereas in the month of Tishri<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., about October, being the end of the season. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד והכא נמי גבי נזקין דיניה בעידית
4 it has a lower value. People in general wait until Nisan and then sell, whereas this particular proprietor, being in great need of ready money, finds himself compelled to sell in Tishri at the existing lower price; he is therefore granted half because it is in the nature of property to drop in value up to a half, but it is not in its nature to drop more than that. Now a similar case may also be made out with reference to payment for damage which must be out of the best. If the plaintiff, however, says: 'Give me medium quality but a larger quantity', the defendant is entitled to reply: 'It is only when you take the best quality which is due to you by law that you may calculate on the present price; failing that, whatever you take you will have to calculate according to the higher price anticipated.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The scriptural verse, 'He shall return', introducing payment in kind, would thus authorise the calculation on the higher price anticipated whenever the plaintiff prefers a quality different from that assigned to him by law. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה ואי א"ל איהו הב לי בינונית טפי פורתא א"ל אי שקלת כדינך שקול כדהשתא ואי לא שקיל כיוקרא דלקמיה
5 But R. Aha b. Jacob demurred: If so, you have weakened the right of plaintiffs for damages in respect of inferior quality. When the Divine Law states out of the best,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 4. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו מתקיף לה רב אחא בר יעקב א"כ הורעת כחן של נזקין אצל בינונית וזיבורית דרחמנא אמר ממיטב ואת אמרת מבינונית וזיבורית נמי לא
6 how can you maintain that inferior qualities are excluded?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the option of the plaintiff. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז אלא אמר רב אחא בר יעקב אי איכא לדמויי לב"ח מדמינן ליה בעל חוב דיניה בבינונית ואי א"ל הב לי זיבורית טפי פורתא א"ל אי שקלת כדינך שקול כדהשתא ואי לא שקיל כי יוקרא דלקמיה
7 R — Aha b. Jacob therefore said: If any analogy could he drawn,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the case made out by the Master regarding the Tithe of the Poor referred to above. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח מתקיף לה רב אחא בריה דרב איקא א"כ נעלת דלת בפני לוין דא"ל אילו הוו לי זוזי הוה שקלי כדהשתא השתא דזוזי גבך אשקול כיוקרא דלקמיה
8 it may be made in the case of a creditor. A creditor is paid by law out of medium quality; if, however, he says: 'Give me worse quality but greater quantity,' the debtor is entitled to say, 'It is only when you take that quality which is due to you by law that you may calculate on the present price, failing that, whatever you take you will have to calculate according to the higher price anticipated.' R. Aha, son of R. Ika, demurred: If so, you will close the door in the face of prospective borrowers. The creditor will rightly contend, 'Were my money with me I would get property according to the present low price; now that my money is with you, must I calculate according to the anticipated higher price?' — R. Aha, son of R. Ika, therefore said: If any analogy could be drawn,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the case made out by the Master regarding the Tithe of the Poor referred to above. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ט אלא אמר רב אחא בריה דרב איקא אי איכא לדמויי לכתובת אשה מדמינן דהא כתובת אשה דינה בזיבורית ואי אמרה ליה איהי הב לי בינונית בציר פורתא אמר לה אי שקלת כדינך שקול כדהשתא ואי לא שקלי כיוקרא דלקמיה
9 it is only with the case of a <i>Kethubah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י מכל מקום קשיא
10 [marriage settlement]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Git. V, 1. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא אמר רבא כל דיהיב ליה ממיטב ליתיב ליה
11 which, according to the law, is collected out of the worst quality. But if the woman says to the husband: 'Give me better quality though smaller quantity,' he may rejoin: 'It is only when you take the quality assigned to you by law that you may calculate in accordance with the present low price; failing that, you must calculate in accordance with the anticipated higher price.,
יב והא מיטב שדהו כתיב
12 But be it as it is, does the original difficulty<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raised by Abaye supra p. 24. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יג אלא כי אתא רב פפא ורב הונא בריה דרב יהושע מבי רב פרשוה כל מילי מיטב הוא דאי לא מזדבן הכא מזדבן במתא אחריתי לבר מארעא דליתיב ליה ממיטב כי היכי דלקפוץ עלה זבינא:
13 still not hold good? — Said Raba: Whatever article is being tendered has to be given out of the best [of that object].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when bran is tendered it is the best of it which has to he given. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יד בעא מיניה רב שמואל בר אבא מאקרוניא מרבי אבא כשהן שמין בשלו הן שמין או בשל עולם הן שמין
14 But is it not written: 'The best of his field'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Confining it thus to land, for if otherwise why altogether insert 'of his field'? ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
טו אליבא דרבי ישמעאל לא תבעי לך דאמר בדניזק שיימינן
15 — But when R. Papa and R. Huna the son of R. Joshua had arrived from the house of study<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] V. Sanh. (Sonc. ed p. 387, n. 7. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
טז כי תבעי לך אליבא דרבי עקיבא דאמר בדמזיק שיימינן
16 they explained it thus: All kinds of articles are considered 'best', for if they were not to be sold here they would be sold in another town;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And could therefore be tendered. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יז מאי מיטב שדהו אמר רחמנא למעוטי דניזק או דלמא למעוטי דעלמא נמי
17 it is only in the case of land which is excepted therefrom that the payment has to be made out of the best, so that intending purchasers jump at it.
יח אמר ליה רחמנא אמר מיטב שדהו ואת אמרת בשל עולם הן שמין
18 R. Samuel b. Abba of Akronia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Or Hagronia, a town near Nehardea, v. Obermeyer, J. Die Landschaft Babylonian, p. 265.] ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יט איתיביה אין לו אלא עידית כולם גובין מן העידית בינונית כולם גובין בינונית זיבורית כולם גובין זיבורית
19 asked of R. Abba: When the calculation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the best, medium and worst qualities, out of which to pay creditors for damages, loans and marriage-contracts respectively. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
כ היו לו עידית ובינונית וזיבורית נזקין בעידית ובעל חוב בבינונית וכתובת אשה בזיבורית עידית ובינונית נזקין בעידית ב"ח וכתובת אשה בבינונית בינונית וזיבורית נזקין ובעל חוב בבינונית וכתובת אשה בזיבורית
20 is made, is it based on his own [the defendant's] property or upon that of the general public? This problem has no application to R. Ishmael's view that the calculation is based upon the quality of the plaintiff's property;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 22. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> it can apply only to R. Akiba's view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 22. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> which takes the defendant's property into account.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., his estate is divided into three categories; best, medium and worst, out of which the payments will respectively be made. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> What would, according to him, be the ruling? Does the Divine Law in saying, 'the best of his field' intend only to exclude the quality of the plaintiff's property from being taken into account, or does it intend to exclude even the quality of the property of the general public? — He [R. Abba] said to him:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to R. Samuel, the questioner. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> The Divine Law states, 'the best of his field' how then can you maintain that the calculation is based on the property of the general public? He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., R. Samuel. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> raised an objection: [It is taught,] If the defendant's estate consists only of the best, creditors of all descriptions are paid out of the best; if it is of medium quality, they are all paid out of medium quality; if it is of the worst quality, they are all paid out of the worst quality. [It is only] when the defendant's possessions consist of both the best, the medium, and the worst [that] creditors for damages are paid out of the best, creditors for loans out of the medium and creditors for marriage contracts out of the worst. When [however] the estate consists only of the best and of the medium qualities, creditors for damages are paid out of the best while creditors for loans and for marriage contracts will be paid out of the medium quality. [Again] if the estate consists only of the medium and the worst qualities, creditors for either damages or loans are paid out of the medium quality whereas those for marriage contracts will be paid out of the worst quality.